For over a century, amins across Bihar and Jharkhand used the Gunter's Chain (Jarib)—a 66-foot iron chain with 100 links. While historical, chains stretch over time, sag over uneven terrain, and fail to measure acute angles accurately in dense urban layouts.
An Electronic Total Station (ETS) integrates an electronic theodolite with an EDM (electronic distance meter). It shoots laser pulses to a glass prism, calculating distances and angles to millimetric accuracy, instantly computing coordinates (X, Y, Z).
At LandAmin, we do not completely discard the Gunter's chain: our amins use the chain to verify colonial cadastral benchmarks (which were measured in links), and then execute the high-precision boundary demarcation using the Total Station. This bridges historical revenue records with modern digital accuracy.
Survey results are technical findings. Boundary demarcation is non-invasive and does not constitute executive eviction.